Indwara zitandura n' itabi--Umutwaro twikoreye twese





Hashize ukwezi u Rwanda rwifatanije n' isi yose kuzirikana umunsi witwa "World No Tobacco Day" mundimi z’ amahanga, n’ umunsi wahariwe kuzirikana kwirinda itabi. Buri mwaka kuwa 31 Gicurasi ishami ry’ umuryago w’ abibumbye ryita k’ ubuzima (WHO) ryizihiza uwo munsi hagamijwe gushimangira ingaruka ziri mukunywa itabi kandi himakazwa ubuvugizi bwo kugabanya urugero rw’ abanywa itabi.

 Impamvu nyamukuru y’ uno munsi n’ ugutera umwete abatuye isi, ibihugu na za guverinoma gushyiraho ingamba zigenzura ibicuruzwa by’ itabi. Hamwe no kwibutsa isi ukwaguka kubwinshi bw' abanywi b’ itabi hamwe n’ ingaruka rigira k’ ubuzima; kuberako kugeza ubu ryica abatuye isi barenga miliyoni 8 kumwaka. Itabi kandi riri kumwanya wa kabiri mubitera imfu nyinshi kw’ isi nyuma y’ umuvuduko w' amaraso ukabije. Ninako rigira uruhare mu kwica umwe mw’ icumi by’ abatuye isi (Pinki, 2018).


Igiteye impungenge nuko itabi ritera imfu zishobora kwirindwa, ariko rikaba rihitana abarenga miliyoni 8 kw’ isi buri mwaka, barimo abarenga miliyoni 1.2 bapfa kubera guhura n’ umwotsi waryo batarinywa, byitwa umwotsi wa kabiri--Second-hand Smoke (WHO, 2019). Niyo mpamvu bikwiriye ko buri muntu ashikama kumahitamo ye yo kwirinda kumara umwanya ahantu banywa itabi kuko bifite ingaruka. Ninako kandi akwiriye gusaba uburenganzira bwe bwo kutanywerwaho itabi muruhame ahahurira abantu benshi--mumaduka, mw' isoko, k' umuhanda, n' ahandi. Ikindi nuko ntagikozwe, itabi rizaba ryica abarenga cyane miliyoni 8 mu mwaka wa 2030, aho abarenga 80% bazaba ari abo mubihugu bikennye n’ibiri mumurongo w’ iterambere (WHO, 2019). 


Umutwaro w’ Itabi k’ Ubuzima

 Itabi ryihariye igice kinini mugutera indwara zitandura ziri muzica abantu benshi buri mwaka. Ibi nukuberako buri masegonda atandatu, umuntu umwe apfa yishwe n’indwara zifitanye isano no kunywa itabi. Abanywi b’ itabi kenshi bapfa batagejeje imyaka y’ ubukure biri mubitera ubukene imiryango yabo, gutakaza amafaranga menshi mumavuriro; kandi bikanabangamira iterambere mubukungu (NCD Alliance, n.d.).

Itabi rifite ingaruka yo gutera indwara zitandura cyane cyane indwara z’ umutima, kanseri, no kwangirika kw' imitsi y' ubwonko (Stroke). Izi ndwara zose zitwerwa nuko umwotsi waryo ugizwe n’ ubumara burenga 4000, aho 250 buzwi ko bwangiza ubuzima kandi 69 muribwo bukaba buzwiho gutera kanseri (NCD Alliance, n.d.).

Kunywa itabi byangiza umutima n’ itembera ry’ amaraso kuberako umwotsi n’ ubumara bwa nicotine byangiza imiyoboro itwara amaraso. Ibi nibyo bituma imitsi ifungana aribyo bitera impinduka mwitwarwa ry’ amaraso bifitanye isano n’ indwara z’ umutima n’ ubwonko  (Tobacco Free Kids, n.d.). 
Kunywa itabi kandi byongera ingaruka zo kurwara kanseri mubice bitandukanye by’ umubiri; harimo kanseri y’ umuhogo, ibihaha, igifu, n’ impyiko. Indwara ziterwa no kunywa itabi zituma habaho amafaranga menshi atakara mubuvuzi ava mubaturage hamwe n' ingingo z' imari za za guvernoma. Ikindi nuko ububata bwo kunywa itabi bugira uruhare mukongera imiryango ikennye kubera gutakaza amafaraga menshi kw’ itabi kurusha ibiryo, ubuvuzi, n’ uburezi (Tobacco Free Kids, n.d.). 

Ibyo Twatekerezaho


Itabi ryagize isi imbata. Birazwi neza ko uretse kwica imibereho ya muntu itabi ridafitiye umumaro ubuzima bwe. Abantu benshi barinywa kubwo kwigana abandi; abacuruzi baricuruza kuko ritabura abaguzi; n' ibihugu bikemera ko ryinjizwa cyangwa rikorwa kuberako rigira imisoro myinshi. Ariko utekereje neza, umwotsi nta ntunga mubiri, ibitera imbaraga cyangwa ibirinda indwara rigira k' umubiri .Imisoro iva mw’ itabi nayo ntaho ihuriye n’ ubuzima bw’ abaturage bicwa n’ itabi bari bafitiye ibihugu na sosiyete umumaro nubwo bivugwa ko imihanda, amashuli, ibitaro n’ ibindi byubakwa kunyungu z’ abaturage bivuye muimisoro- harimo n’ isorwa n’ itabi. 
Nkuko tubicyesha, (RBA 2017) "Buri mwaka kandi ku isi imiryango na za guverinoma zihomba miliyali 1 na miliyoni 400 z' amadolari akoreshwa mu kuvura abarwaye kubera ingaruka z' itabi, kuko riri mubitera 16% by' indwara zitandura." Niyo mpamvu hariho urujijo rwo guhitamo, ariko birakwiriye guhitamo hakiri kare kuko kwirinda bita kwivuza. 


Hifashishijwe Amakuru Avuye:
NCD Alliance. (n.d.). Tobacco Use. Retrieved from ncdalliance.org: https://ncdalliance.org/why-ncds/ncd-prevention/tobacco-use

Pinki. (2018, May 28). World No Tobacco Day 2018-Why is this day celebrated? Retrieved from lifeberrys.com: http://www.lifeberrys.com/healthy-living/world-no-tobacco-day-2018--why-is-this-day-celebrated-43369.html

RBA. (2017, May 31). Mu Rwanda igicuruzwa cy’itabi kinjije miliyari 6 mu mezi 10 gusa. Retrieved from rba.co.rw: https://rba.co.rw/post/Mu-Rwanda-igicuruzwa-cyitabi-kinjije-miliyari-6-mu-mezi-10-gusa

Tobacco Free Kids. (n.d.). Tobacco and Non-Communicable Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/Tobacco_and_NCD_en.pdf

WHO. (2019, May 29). Tobacco. Retrieved from who.int: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco







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